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Trial of the 193
The Trial of the 193 was a series of criminal trials held in Russia in 1877-1878 under the rule of Tsar Alexander II. The trial consisted of 193 students and other “revolutionaries” charged with populist “unrest” and propaganda against the Russian Empire. The Trial of the 193 was the largest political trial in Tsarist Russia.〔Billington, James H., Fire in the Minds of Men: Origins of Revolutionary Faith,(Transaction Publishers, 1999) p.405〕 The trial ended in mass acquittals, with only a small percentage being charged with sentences of hard labour or prison,〔Hingley, Ronald, Nihilists: Russian Radicals and Revolutionaries in the Reign of Alexander II 1855-81 (Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1967) p.79 〕 and consequently led to an increase in violent militancy among formerly peaceful revolutionaries.〔Hingley, Ronald, p.79〕
== Background ==
Arrests of the 193 began as early as the “Mad Summer of 1874”, when thousands of students and other youth called Narodnichestvo (peasant populism) took to the countryside to educate local peasants on issues of the government in hopes of making a more militant peasantry.〔Pereira, N.G.O., Tsar-Liberator: Alexander II of Russia 1818-1881, (Oriental Research Partners, Newtonville, Ma, 1983) p. 148〕 However, the peasantry were largely unreceptive to the revolutionaries' ideas, and were thus willing to turn them over to the authorities.〔Field, Daniel ‘Peasants and Propagandists in the Russian Movement to the People of 1874’, Journal of Modern History, vol. 59 (1987).〕 From this point forward, strategy turned to focus on the seat of state power. In 1876, a demonstration in St. Petersburg led to further arrests.〔Pereira, N.G.O., p.149〕
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